Every new high school graduate... free essay sample

Every new high school graduate is cursed with having to make the decision of what to do for the rest of their life. Many people choose to go to college, others choose to go straight into the workforce. For Elle Woods, her goal was to attend Harvard Law School. This became her goal after her boyfriend, Warner Huntington III, broke up with her because he felt that she was not good for him if he wanted to achieve his dreams of becoming Senator. Elle was a beautiful, blonde, sorority girl, and do not attend schools like Harvard according to many stereotypes. She decided that she was going to defy these odds and was going to prove everyone wrong by going to Harvard. During her graduation speech, Elle uses ethos, pathos, and logos to show her graduating class that as long as you have passion, you can accomplish anything. Her speech demonstrates the idea in our culture that you are not your stereotypes, you are what you make of yourself. We will write a custom essay sample on Every new high school graduate or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When beginning her speech, Elle uses ethos to establish her credibility and to relate with her graduating class. She does this by using simple words such as our. Her first sentence of the speech is On our very first day at Harvard (McCullah and Smith), which presents the entire graduating class as equals. She establishes her credibility by reciting an Aristotle quote that her teacher had shared on her very first day of class. By reciting this quote from her first day of school, it shows that she had worked hard, and was a good student who payed very close attention in her classes. Quoting Aristotle also shows that Elle can be a serious person when she needs to be, and that further makes her a credible source to fellow Harvard graduate students. She also uses her own experiences to relate to her fellow students. Well, no offense to Aristotle, but in my three years at Harvard I have come to find that passion is a key ingredient to the study and practice of law and of life. (McCullah and Smith). By saying this, she shows her audience that her speech is from the heart and is genuine. Her use of ethos proves to her audience that she is more than just a pretty face, it proves that she also has a brain.Elles speech also contains many elements of pathos. Her main way of doing this is similar to how she incorporated ethos, with her word choices to unify the entire graduating class. Throughout the entire speech, she uses words such as our, and we to make the class feel as though they are one. She also ends her speech by saying Congratulations class of 2004 we did it! (McCullah and Smith). Elle also uses pathos to express feelings and emotions to her audience. She does this by saying It is with passion, courage of conviction, and strong sense of self that we take our next steps into the world, remembering that first impressions are not always correct. (McCullah and Smith). This sentence in itself can convey a lot of emotions in an audience. She is saying that you have to have passion for everything you do, whether that be school related, or even just life related. Not only do you need passion, but you also need courage. You cannot accomplish anything in life if you are afraid of the outcome or what someone else might say about it. Elle also says that you need a strong sense of self when moving on in your life. She makes this known that it is very important simply through her character. She always knew who she was and who she wanted to be, she never let anyone tell her any different. She was a strong person who stuck to her ideals and beliefs, and her speech tried to convey those same ideas to the entire graduating class. Using pathos in her speech further conveys her idea that you are not your stereotype, by showing her audience that she herself had defied hers. She connected with her graduating class on a personal level to get her point across.At the very beginning of her speech, Elle used logos. She did this by quoting Aristotle, who is a highly known and respected philosopher and scientist. Her audience was a large group of fellow law school graduates, quoting Aristotle is showing logic to them because of the fact that he was a philosopher and a scientist. Not only did she quote Aristotle, but she argued his claims. The law is reason free from passion. (Aristotle). She argued this by saying Well, no offense to Aristotle, but in my three years at Harvard I have come to find that passion is a key ingredient to the study and practice of law and of life. (McCullah and Smith). By saying that passion overrules your stereotypes, this is appealing to her audiences sense of rationality. Of course having passion means you can do anything in school or in life, it is logical to the human brain. Elle also says It is with passion, courage of conviction, and strong sense of self that we take our next steps into the world, remembering that first impressions are not always correct. (McCullah and Smith). Saying that first impressions are not always correct also appeals to the audiences rationality, because humans all know that you have to get to know a person before you can make a judgement about them. This was also logical for her to say simply because of her own experience at Harvard. She was judged for who she was and she proved everyone wrong. She accessed aspects of the human brain to prove that she was logical enough to be taken seriously. Even though this movie came out 14 years ago, Elles message is still very relevant to everyone today. Elle decided that she was not going to live up to her stereotype, and that she was going to challenge what everyone said about her. Elle worked extremely hard for what she wanted, and it all paid off in the end. The lesson of you are not your stereotype is still a very important lesson to teach today. There is very strong tension currently within our country and we unfortunately have very many issues with stereotypes. It is very important to teach todays youth and even adults that you are your own person and you can do whatever you put your mind to. It does not always have to be as extreme as going to Harvard to prove that you can do it, but the message itself is the same all around. If Elle had listened to everyone going against her, she would have never even attended Harvard or found what her true passion was. If Elle did not work hard for what she wanted and had passion every step of the way, she would have continued to live her life as the beautiful, blonde, sorority girl.

AP

AP Reality In John Updike's short story "AP,"  the narrator struggles to be a part of a fantasy world before being abruptly forced back into his reality world. The three girls that enter the store cause the narrator to fantasize of a life other than what he is accustom to. The narrator imagines living their kind of life, which includes wealth and confidence, only to be constantly reminded of his actual life by the people around him. In the end, after quitting his job in an attempt to be a hero, the narrator ends up back in the undesirable life to which he belongs.English: John Updike giving the 2008 Jefferson Lec...He didn't remember if whether or not he rang up one of the woman's items or not. "I stood there with my hand on a box of HiHo crackers trying to remember if I rang it up or not."  He was too busy looking at the girls and noticing each aspect of them. "She was a chunky kid, with a good tan and a sweet broad soft looking can" ¦"  Therefore he rings it up again and th e woman complains to him. Sammy goes on calling her a witch, as if he did nothing wrong. However it is the woman who didn't do anything wrong in this situation. All she was doing was making sure was getting charged the right amount for McLoughlin 2 her purchase. Maybe if he took some responsibility in his job, he wouldn't have this customer complain to...

Gone With The Wind Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gone With The Wind - Research Proposal Example A good example of copyright issue that raised much debate is the relationship between Gone With The Wind (GWTW) and The Wind Done Gone (TWDG). Hence, this research will evaluate the copyright issues surrounding the conflict between GWTW and TWDG with reference to fair use and transformative elements. Research Question Does the re-write GWTW in the form of TWDG amounts to infringement of the copyright laws, and if so, does it violate the freedom of speech? Significance/ Discussion The significance of this research is to evaluate, and eventually understand the issues surrounding copyright laws. This is because copyright laws have certain exceptions, such as if the re-write of a given literary text is a satire or parody. No doubt, there are inadequate copyright laws that are effective in protecting the rights and creativity of the original authors. The big argument is that if the laws were stricter then they would violate the right to freedom of speech. According to Thampapillai in the article, The Novel as Social Satire: 60 Years Later, the Wind done Gone and the Limitations of Fair Use, the exceptions that parody or satire based re-writes do not amount to infringement promotes the freedom of speech that allows individuals to write what they think (Thampapillai). However, in some cases the copyright and freedom of speech may conflict, begging the question of which one should take precedence. This may take into account the utilitarian theory, which would advocate for the side that results in maximum benefits. For instance, it supports protection because it preserves the creativity of the authors. In the case of GWTW, Randall’s TWDG delivers the slavery story airbrushed by GWTW whereby it brings the accounts through a slave’s perspectives. Furthermore, the text draws some information from GWTW, which makes it re-write the GWTW story in a better way. Therefore, the aim of this research is to evaluate the relationship between GWTW and TWDG with regard t o copyright laws and all its related issues. The research will use several factors to evaluate in order to prove infringement or not. These factors include nature of the copyrighted work, effect on the potential market, and amount of suitability and finally use is for nonprofit educational nature or for commercial nature. These will help in evaluating whether the re-write in the case of GWTW amounts to infringement. Literature review In this research, I will present my arguments about copyright laws and issues surrounding using six texts or sources. In the first source, An Empirical Study of US Copyright Fair Use Opinions, Beebe explores the public perceptions on fair use and the copyright law in general. I will use this source to in my research to draw information on the status of copyright law of fair use with regard to the perspective of the public (Beebe 584). The main point of research will be whether fair use is beneficial of harmful to the literary industry, and how it can be regulated. This source will also provide information that I will use to compare the copyright law in the United States and that of Australia. The second source that I will use in the research is, â€Å"Free Speech and Intellectual Value†, an article by Bollinger, in which he explores the issue of free speech in relation to copyright law that my limit free speech (438). It will help me in understanding how promotion of free

The Olympic Games do not bring lasting benefits to the host country Essay

The Olympic Games do not bring lasting benefits to the host country. Discus - Essay Example What is required is such an uplift which will make the country more prosperous and developed after the completion of the Olympic Games, but sadly the same is missing in the long run. The Olympic Games have been the most renowned and expensive events and the fact that these come every four years raises quite a few points for the different sectors. The public sector sees benefits coming in from different angles and the private sector gets in touch with the different companies, institutions and organizations to extract the best possible mileage for their respective areas of business. (Crowther, 2005) The financial benefits start becoming lesser when the Olympic Games finish and this is one aspect that is looked upon by the economic domains of the host country with an eye of skepticism and worry. The prosperity of the host nation must be such that it remains in the longer duration but it fades out in an instant fashion – a discussion which has more questions than answers on the part of the people at the helm of affairs when it comes to the successful hosting of the Olympic Games. The Olympic Games bring a cultural boom within the host country. Its different economic sectors start getting the positive vibes about the happenings on and off the Olympics fields. Also there is a lot of room for the media to showcase the talent which is available on display. The whole society experiences a completely different mindset, emitting from the Olympics’ domains. This happens each time a host nation is chosen, usually some 5-6 years before the actual holding of the Olympic Games. For instance a couple of years back, London was given the rights to hold the 2012 Olympic Games and thus the festivity began just then. (Roulac, 1993) It will continue to increase until the day it essentially gets inaugurated (when the Games get launched with the Olympic torch). However what happens after the holding of these Olympic Games is

Student Notebook 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Student Notebook 2 - Essay Example Stewardship gives the priority to individuals needs and it does not focus on church’s need to receive. Major stewardship activities conducted in this Presbyterian Church are food drives, care projects. And also they decided to add more activities. Stewardship teaching is done based on three principles. The first one is an owner manager relationship. Here the owner is God and the man (or woman) is the manager. The second principle is love is the foundation of stewardship. Relationship, ownership, possession, sacrifice are the branches of the love. Through stewardship one can show God’s love in action. The third principle is the starting of the stewardship is presenting life’s resources. Teaching stewardship helps the life management which will enhance the kingdom of God. Presbyterian Churches usually conducts parish member meetings and forums for promoting stewardship activities. They also publish new brochures and flyers and newsletters for this purpose. Instead of these, the Northminster Presbyterian Church conduct Heritage education program in schools. They also present various cultural programs and dramas for convey the message of stewardship to the people. Budgeting is an important process required for the survival and growth of any organization. The Northminster Presbyterian Church takes this process very seriously. According to the pastor in charge of finances, the Church holds a large amount of public money donated by members and other charitable individuals. These donations are made for the purposes of running the day to day operations of the Church as well as for the many activities (religious and charitable) that the Church conducts. In such a scenario, the responsible person or persons should be doubly careful in the way finance is handled. For this proper budgeting at the beginning of a financial year is essential. The budgeting process followed by the Church is given here. The Church has a permanent

Effects Of Tourism In Africa Outweigh The Negative Effects Tourism Essay

Effects Of Tourism In Africa Outweigh The Negative Effects Tourism Essay Ecotourism is responsible travel to perfect and usually protected areas. With the purpose to teach the traveler, supply capital for ecological conservation and ensure economic development and political authorization, it also promotes value for different cultures and for human rights. Countries in Africa are now focusing on tourism as a cause of growth and diversification, but with limited policy guidance from most donors, despite the sectors potential. Ecotourism has become one of the fastest-growing sectors of the tourism industry, growing annually by 10-15% worldwide (Miller, 2007). One definition of ecotourism is the practice of low-impact, educational, ecologically and culturally sensitive travel that benefits local communities and host countries (Honey, 1999). South Africa as one of the countries in Africa is obtaining considerable economic remuneration from ecotourism, although negative consequences including removing people from their homes, infringement of fundamental rights, and environmental hazards which according to Miller far outweigh the medium-term economic benefits (Miller, 2007).A great amount of money is being exhausted and human resources are continually being used up for tourism in spite of the negative effects, and a larger amount of money is put into public relation campaigns to dissolve the criticism from the locals and public. Tourism directs resources away from other schemes that could possibly supply maintainable and realistic results to pressing social and environmental tribulations. The money tourism can generate often ties parks and managements to eco-tourism (Walpole et al. 2001).However there is worry concerning the changes in land-use rights, false hope in the delivery of community benefits, damage to the environment and plenty other social impacts. Indeed its an argument to consider eco-tourism as neither ecologically nor socially beneficial, but it is still a strategy for. Indeed many argue repeatedly that eco-tourism is neither ecologically nor socially beneficial, this is somewhat true but it too persists as a strategy for preservation and growth. WTTC/WEFA forecast that tourism and travel would account for over 11% of GDP in Sub-Saharan African countries in 1999 and has a growth rate of over 5%. The tourism system has tremendous financial and political influence. It is said that Funding could be used for field studies aimed at finding alternative solutions to tourism and the diverse problems Africa faces in result of urbanization, industrialization, and the over exploitation of agriculture (Kamuaro, 2007). Tourism has has become the source of conflict regarding the control of land, resources and profits made. It has therefore caused harm to the locals and the topic of profit distribution is one thats not desired as it leads to At the local level, ecotourism has become a source of conflict over control of land, resources, and tourism profits. In this case, ecotourism has harmed the environment and local people, and has led to conflicts over profit distribution. In a perfect world more efforts would be made towards educating tourists of the environmental and social effects of their travels. Very few regulations or laws stand in place as boundaries for the investors in ecotourism. These should be implemented to prohibit the promotion of unsustainable ecotourism projects and materials which project false images of destinations, demeaning local and indigenous cultures. Tourism is often considered volatile. As a global industry, all destinations face the heightened risk of terrorist attacks, which, together with civil strife, war and natural disasters, can terminate demand for the product for a prolonged period. Crime and poor public health standards in a specific destination can greatly reduce demand for an indefinite period after it is evidenced. There are some advantages to Tourism. Tourism is labor intensive with some two employees required per hotel room in developing countries, depending on the type of hotel and local skill levels. Comparisons of investment costs per job in tourism compared with manufacturing, presuppose that countries have a free choice between these alternatives, as well as comparable market entry for each activity. Nevertheless, there is some evidence that tourism is more labor intensive than manufacturing and employs a higher proportion of the low skilled and women. Only in a few small, resource-rich developing countries will the opportunity cost of such labor equal the wages payable in tourism. An often-neglected facet of employment in the sector is that tourism, in fact, creates good jobs. Physical working conditions are healthier and safer than in sugar cane, mining, logging and, often, manufacturing, among other economic activities. But, also, hotels and tourist services create jobs such as waiters, maintenance engineers, and drivers, which are relatively well paid, particularly when supplemented by tips. Finally, it appears that tourism can generate more than sufficient taxes to compensate for public investments. Although, it is said that the negative effects of tourism outweigh the positive ones. There seems to be a lot of resentment and feelings of inferiority amongst the locals. The government should have to choose one over the other (and the priority should be the culture and the people over financial revenue). Even if it means less money will be received from tourists by portraying a culture like that of the Philippines. The government cannot attempt to do both. One of the real issues in tourism everywhere in developing countries is how to extend the benefits to the poor and to local communities. Although ecotourism is intended for small groups, even a modest increase in population, however temporary, puts extra pressure on the local environment and necessitates the development of additional infrastructure and amenities. The construction of water treatment plants, sanitation facilities, and lodges come with the exploitation of non-renewable energy sources and the utilization of already limited local resources. Aside from environmental degradation with tourist infrastructure, population pressures from ecotourism also leaves behind garbage and pollution associated with the Western lifestyle.[17] Although eco-tourists claim to be educationally sophisticated and environmentally concerned, they rarely understand the ecological consequences of their visits and how their day-to-day activities append physical impacts on the environment. Ecotourism is now also considered to be playing a role in this depletion. While the term ecotourism may sound relatively benign, one of its most seri ous impacts is its consumption of virgin territories (Kamuaro, 2007). These invasions often include deforestation, disruption of ecological life systems and various forms of pollution, all of which contribute to environmental degradation. In some cases, the resentment by local people results in environmental degradation. As a highly publicized case, the Masai nomads in Kenya killed wildlife in national parks to show aversion to unfair compensation terms and displacement from traditional lands.[ One of the most powerful examples of communities being moved in order to create a park is the story of the Masai. About 70% of national parks and game reserves in East Africa are on Masai land (Kamuaro, 2007). The first undesirable impact of tourism was that of the extent of land lost from the Masai culture. Local and national governments took advantage of the Masais ignorance on the situation and robbed them of huge chunks of grazing land, putting to risk their only socio-economic livelihood. Ecotourism often claims that it preserves and enhances local cultures. However, evidence shows that with the establishment of protected areas local people have illegally lost their homes, and most often with no compensation (Kamuaro, 2007). Pushing people onto marginal lands with harsh climates, poor soils, lack of water, and infested with livestock and disease does little to enhance livelihoods even when a proportion of ecotourism profits are directed back into the community. The establishment of parks can create harsh survival realities and deprive the people of their traditional use of land and natural resources. Ethnic groups are increasingly being seen as a backdrop to the scenery and wildlife. While governments are typically entrusted with the administration and enforcement of environmental protection, they often lack the commitment or capability to manage ecotourism sites effectively. The regulations for environmental protection may be vaguely defined, costly to implement, hard to enforce, and uncertain in effectiveness. The increased contributions of communities to locally managed ecotourism create viable economic opportunities, including high level management positions, and reduce environmental issues associated with poverty and unemployment. Because the ecotourism experience is marketed to a different lifestyle from large scale ecotourism, the development of facilities and infrastructure does not need to conform to corporate Western tourism standards, and can be much simpler and less expensive. There is a greater multiplier effect on the economy, because local products, materials, and labor are used. Profits accrue locally and import leakages are reduced.[19] However, even this form of tourism may require foreign investment for promotion or start up. When such investments are required, it is crucial for communities for find a company or non-governmental organization that reflects the philosophy of ecotourism; sensitive to their concerns and willing to cooperate at the expense of profit. In conclusion, Ecotourism and Tourism in Africa as a whole should be reconsidered. The depletion of natural resources and cultures is a drastic change thats most of the time now worth the finance and is irreversible. The bad outweighs the good and Tourism should be accepted and its effects should be reduced.

Michael Jackson Essay -- Biography

Michael Jackson was born on August 29, 1958. He was one of ten children growing up. Michael and his siblings grew up in a very strict home. He had many conflicts with his father, who was physically and emotionally abusive. Michael’s music career began with the formation of The Jackson 5 in 1963, when he joined his brothers, Jackie, Tito, Marlon, and Jermaine in their already booming musical group. This was the start of Michael’s singing career. He was only five years old at this time, and went solo in 1971 at the young age of thirteen (Internet Movie Database). His fame continued to grow, until 1993, when things took a turn for the worse. Michael was accused of child sexual abuse. He denied these claims, and the little boy’s family was finally settled out of court. It was around this same time in the 1990’s that Michael was struggling with a drug addiction (Merkin, 2009). Lisa Maria Presley, who supported Michael through the sexual abuse claims, married him in 1993, but divorced him after only two years. He married again in 1996, this time to Deborah Jeanne Rowe, a long time friend. They had their first child, Michael Joseph Jackson Jr., or â€Å"Prince,† on February 13, 1997. Their second child, Paris-Michael Katherine Jackson, was born on April 3, 1998, followed by a 1999 divorce. The custody over both children went to Michael. To everyone’s surprise, Michael had a third child in 2002, the mother unknown. He claimed to have gone through the process of artificial insemination, using a surrogate mother and his own sperm. He named the child Prince Michael Jackson II, calling him â€Å"Blanket† (Ditzian, 2009). On November 20, 2002, Michael held his newborn baby, Blanket, over his balcony railing with a crowd of fans b... ...n. It is the therapist’s job to listen very carefully to everything that Michael says during their sessions together. Catharsis, the third technique, is when the therapist would guide him through his past and help him relive his problems to eventually overcome them. Finally, working through the now interpreted and understood events is the hardest and longest process of the four. It can take years to complete. As for Michael’s drug addictions, the process is very similar. His past would be uncovered, and he would be encouraged to work through his past conflicts and then, eventually, change the way that he is living (Comer, 2011). The Psychodynamic Theory has not proven itself to be very effective. It helps people more when it is paired with other approaches, and is now the starting point, or basis, in other types of therapy (Comer, 2011).

Oliver Cromwell

How and why has the rule of Oliver Cromwell been interpreted differently? There are lots of opinions about Cromwell and they have differed a lot. Historians still disagree about him even today! ‘His cruelty and ruthlessness have left a mark and a memory that the last 300 years have not been able to wipe. ’ C V Wedgwood mentioned in the 1950’s-60. He wrote many books about the life of Charles I and this shows that his opinion of Cromwell wasn’t a very nice one. He has stated that Oliver Cromwell has scarred life and they have not been able to get rid of that nasty memory.Although Wedgwood disagrees about Cromwell, there are others that differ. ‘Cromwell was the national hero†¦the greatest because the most typical Englishman of all time. ’ S R Gardiner stated in 1902. Gardiner was a descendent of Cromwell and supported the idea of a Puritan Revolution. This source shows that he was a great fan of Cromwell and he believed that he was the most typical Englishman of all time. I think he might have supported the Puritan Revolution idea because he might be a puritan himself and respected the ideas Cromwell had.I think both of these statements are biased as Gardiner was a descendant of Cromwell and Wedgwood wrote many book about Charles; Cromwell agreed to execute Charles. In this essay I am going to explain how and why his rule has been interpreted in different ways and why he was such a controversial man? Oliver Cromwell was a military and political leader who overpowered the English monarchy and temporarily turned England into a republican, and served as Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland. He was born at Cromwell House in Huntingdon on the 25 April 1599 to Robert Cromwell and Elizabeth Steward and he was a puritan.Cromwell was a commander of the New Model Army which defeated the royalists in the English Civil War. He was elected Member of Parliament for Huntingdon in 1628 and for Cambridge in 1640. He entere d the English Civil War on the side of the â€Å"Roundheads† or Parliamentarians and became a key military leader. Nicknamed â€Å"Old Ironsides†, he was quickly promoted from leading a single cavalry troop to command of the entire army. Lots of people turned against Cromwell; and he turned against people to. The levellers were the most famous people who turned against Cromwell and his ruling.The levellers were a political group during the civil war. The levellers list developed with growing conflict within the New Model Army in the wake of the First Civil War. The leveller’s believed in religious freedom, end to imprisonment for dept and that all male population should be able to vote for parliament and this should happen every 2 years. But Cromwell didn’t think this. â€Å"What the levellers say is that the poorer people should have as much riches as richer people. Either you must cut them in pieces or they will cut you in pieces† is what Cromwel l is reported to say.But is this what the levellers wanted? No, it wasn’t. Cromwell made out that they were making the poorer people be as rich as the richer people when all they wanted was for all male population to vote every 2 years etc. This might add on to the reason people still disagree with the choices he made today. John Lilburne was the leader of the levellers and had much support. The Levellers made full use of the printing press to circulate pamphlets and petitions, effectively developing the first mass political propaganda techniques to be used in Britain.In 1649, Lilburne was imprisoned in the tower of London. Whilst he was there he wrote a letter, â€Å"we have much cause to distrust you; for we know how many broken promises that you have made to the kingdom. † He sent this letter as Cromwell met up with the leveller group every week to discuss ideas. For a long time Cromwell agreed with them, and after the king was executed the levellers thought they co uld change. But then Cromwell turned against them. I know this from the sources I have seen in class. On the other hand many people agreed with the choices Cromwell made.People may think that the idea of not going to prison for not paying dept is wrong and religious freedom is wrong as you are not respecting god. On the way down to London a group of 400 men in the leveller group was captured by the new model army. They were imprisoned in Burford church and the 4 leaders (Cornet Thomson, Private Church, Corporal Perkins and Chaplin Henry Denne) were up for execution. All 4 of them were given a chance to agree that there ideas were wrong and they would get killed. 3 refused to but Chaplin Henry Denne agreed and was saved from execution.Even today Burford celebrate leveller’s day every year. Cromwell and Ireland didn’t really get on in them days. Most of Ireland still doesn’t agree with us now. At the time of Cromwell there were lots of Protestants living in Irelan d. This is strange because Ireland was a catholic country. But this happened because King Henry and Queen Elizabeth I started to encourage English Protestants to go and take over land in catholic Ireland. They did this by either pushing the Irish off their land or by making the Irish work for them. But in 1641, the Irish Catholics rebelled against the English rule!At this point the king was still alive and in was in the middle of the civil war so Cromwell couldn’t possibly do anything about it but as soon as the king was executed and the war was over, that’s when Cromwell made a stop to the Irish Catholic rebellion. In 1649, Cromwell landed in Ireland with 12,000 men to invade, his first target was Drogheda! As he landed, Cromwell proceeded to take the other port cities on Irelands east coast. The first town to fall was Drogheda. â€Å"Cromwell’s soldiers promised to spare the lives of any who laid down their arms.But when they had all in their power, the word, ‘no quarter’ went round. † This was from a letter written by Marquis of Ormonde, the leader of the Irish Catholics, on 29th September 1649. The word quarter meant that if the enemy surrendered and gave up their weapons, it was then wrong to kill them. This was one of the two important 17th century rules of warfare. So, this quote shows that Oliver Cromwell recklessly killed innocent people. This is probably why people still disagree with him today; especially people in Ireland as it might be there ancestors who got murdered. But am I being a bit biased here?This was Marquis of Ormonde interpretation of what happened, so what about the other half of the story. Oliver Cromwell wrote a letter reporting what happened. The letter stated that he offered surrender four times. Here are two examples, â€Å"†¦ a summons (order) to deliver (surrender) the town, receiving no satisfactory answer†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"†¦ were summoned, but they refused to yieldâ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬  Both of these examples do show that Cromwell was cooperative and gave a chance for them to surrender. These quotes might be the ones that make people support him as he gave them lots of chances to surrender but they refused.The massacre of the garrison in Drogheda, including some after they had surrendered and some who had sheltered in a Church was received with horror in Ireland, and is remembered even today as an example of Cromwell’s decisions. Many people in them day thought that the only way to bring back law and order was to bring back monarchy. But the problem was, they couldn’t possibly bring back Charles II as Cromwell agreed with the execution of Charles I and ran Charles II off to France. The only man who could, was Cromwell. In February 1657, he was offered the crown but he rejected the offer.This could have been for many reasons. One reason could have been that hi army might turn against him. â€Å"Cromwell tried all possible means to persuad e the army officers to approve his plan. He invited himself to dine with General Fleetwood and Colonel Desborough, where he began to go on about monarchy. They told him that those who offered it were friends of Charles Stuart. † This was written at the time by Edmund Ludlow. This show that maybe Cromwell did want monarchy but his army warned him off by saying â€Å"they told him that those who offered it were friends of Charles Stuart. Also, â€Å"one hundred officers said to His Highness that he should not take the title of king because it was not pleasing to his army†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this backs up the quote from Edmund Ludlow as it is saying that the army advise him not to take the title of king. Also they call Cromwell â€Å"His Highness† which shows that they already think he is powerful and loyal. This might have been a reason why people agree with Cromwell as he did want monarchy back but it was the army who stopped him. On the other hand, Lord Clarendon quoted â⠂¬Å"this man, against the desires of all noble persons, took the throne of three kingdoms.Without the name of king, but with a greater power and authority than had been claimed by any king. † He is saying that he does not deserve the title of king as he already has more power than any other king and he wrongly rules three kingdoms. People may agree with this and don’t think that Cromwell should have ruled all three kingdoms and made people obey them when he wasn’t even king. But is this quote biased? Well, it might be as Lord Clarendon was a supporter of the Stuarts. When Cromwell became lord protector, all the opinions about him differed.Lots of people agreed with him becoming lord protector, for example, â€Å"Cromwell would have rather taken a shepherds staff than the Protectorship. Nothing went more against his feelings than show of greatness. But he saw it was necessary at the time, to keep the nation from falling into extreme disorder. † This shows t hat he wasn’t too keen on the lord protector but he accepted it to help the nation. This could be a reason why people look up to him as he didn’t do it for his own likings but to help other people.Another quote from a Bristol Baptist says, â€Å"The days of Oliver Cromwell were marvellous days of prosperity, liberty and peace. † This quote is saying that because of Cromwell becoming Lord Protector, the nation became a better place. On the other hand some people disapprove him and see him as a devil. For example, there was a cartoon titled ‘Cromwell’s Chariot’. This cartoon shows a chariot drawn by two dragon like creatures, Cromwell at the back with the devil. In the chariot there are three ladies which represent the three Kingdoms. Cromwell is holding the scales of liberty and an angel is in a cage.The chariot is running over parliament and in the background two wolves are chasing five sheep. I think these animals represent Cromwell’s men are the wolves chasing the town’s people. This painting shows that the artist thinks that Cromwell is already ruling too much and has locked away all freedom. But this goes against the other quote which stated that when Cromwell was in rule it was marvellous days of prosperity, liberty and peace. There has always been lots of different views about Cromwell and they have all differed through time.In the Victorian period people thought that Cromwell was a great man who helped to make Britain a fairer, stronger and more religious country. The Victorian were proud of being ruled by an elected parliament and in 1899they built a statue of him outside houses of parliament to mark the 300th anniversary of his birth. But in the 1930- 40s many historians thought he was a cruel military dictator. â€Å"†¦ Historians have given us many Cromwell’s. † Christopher Hill said in 1970 and he is basically saying that there is lots of different view of Cromwell.

Wimax vs Wifi Essays

Wimax vs Wifi Essays Wimax vs Wifi Paper Wimax vs Wifi Paper WiMAX or Wi-Fi: The Best Suited Candidate Technology for Building Wireless Access Infrastructure order to highlight that which technology will be better to build a wireless access infrastructure. The first part of the paper examines the both of these wireless technology in order to understand both technologies and their underlying concepts. Then, I have discussed some key characteristics to compare the both of these technologies. The last part concludes and presents a conclusion of which will be the best technology to build a wireless access infrastructure. II. OVERVIEW OF THE CANDIDATE TECHNOLOGIES. 2. 1 Wi-Fi The dream to network PCs and other devices without the cost and complexity of cable infrastructures has driven the rapid growth in the wireless market over the last few years. Wi-Fi is one of the wireless technology which appeared early in the wireless market. Wi-Fi is based on the IEEE 802. 11 wireless local area network (WLAN) specification. Actually it was designed to be used indoors at close range for example home user and office environment. The main goal of Wi-Fi technology is to provide service for mobile computing device like laptop. But recently it is used for more services for example consumer device such as televisions, digital cameras, and DVD players. A user with a mobile computing device such as a laptop, cell phone, or PDA which is Wi-Fi enabled can connect to the global Internet when it is within in range of an access point. The region which is covered by one or more access points is called a hotspot. Hotspots can range from a single room to thousand of square feet’s of overlapping hotspots. Wi-Fi can also be used to create a mesh network. Wi-Fi also allows connectivity in peer-to-peer (wireless ad-hoc network) mode, which enables devices to connect directly with each other [1]. This connectivity mode is useful in consumer electronics and gaming applications [1]. Wi-Fi products can use different radio frequencies [2]: The 802. 11a standard uses 5 GHz in an AP-to-AP interlink. Abstract: This paper presents a description of the existing wireless technology Wi-Fi and WiMAX, and try to compare Wi-Fi (IEEE 802. 11) and WiMAX (IEEE 802. 16), with respect to which technology provides a better solution to build a wireless access infrastructure. Each technology is evaluated based on some key characteristics. This paper concludes with a statement of, which technology will be the best and most cost effective solution to end user. I. INTRODUCTION With the help of many expert communication engineers IEEE has developed various wireless standards in a hierarchical fashion. Some of the deployed wireless standards are: 802. 15 (Bluetooth), 802. 11 (Wi-Fi), and 802. 16 (WiMAX) promoted by WiMAX forum. Recently a new standard, 802. 20 for WANs has been proposed, which is currently under development. Each of these IEEE standards has been deployed to fulfill certain criteria and they complement each other. IEEE 802. 11 also known as Wi-Fi standards has had a lot of commercial success, for this reason now the focus of wireless networking shifting to the wide area market. Wi-Fi has been optimized to address the requirements for home or office connectivity but the wide area market is still open to grabs. So to grab the market the low cost wireless which appears is WiMAX, short for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, is positioned as solution for outdoor and long-range last-mile solutions. Many service providers had adopted this technology as a quick and cheap option to provide connectivity between access points or base stations and their backbone network. The main goal of WiMAX is to provide cheap and fast connectivity of both voice and data communication to remote and difficult terrain locations. With the increasing market demand for WiMAX, it is now regularly compared with Wi-Fi. While both technologies have some identical technical characteristics, however they are approaching the wireless space from completely different perspectives. The purpose of this paper is to provide a technical and market comparison of Wi-Fi and WiMAX technologies in Figure 1: Wi-Fi Network ? The 802. 11b and 802. 11g standards use 2. 4 GHz. Different frequency bands are used by the 802. 11a, 802. 11b and 802. 11g standards; Different devices using these different frequency bands do not interfere with one another. However, portable devices using different bands cannot communicate with each other, for example an 802. 11a radio cannot communicate with an 802. 11b radio. The most commonly used standard in the Wireless LAN are the 802. 11b and 802. 1g standards because of their interoperability and the greater range option that they achieve in the 2. 4-GHz band. Each standard also use different types of radio-modulation technology, which is as follows [2]: The 802. 11b standard uses direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) and supports bandwidth speeds up to 11 Mbps. The 802. 11a and 802. 11g standards use orthogonal frequency division multipl exing (OFDM) and support speeds up to 54 Mbps. Because OFDM is more suitable to outdoor environments and interference, that’s why it is commonly used for Wireless LAN infrastructure. 2. 2 WiMAX: IEEE standard 802. 6, also known as WiMAX, is a technology for last-mile wireless broadband as an alternative to cable and DSL and where the cost is high. It’s intended to deliver high speed data communication, and it also has the ability to maintain dedicated links and VoIP services at a reliable and high quality speed. Figure 2: WiMAX Network Not only it supports â€Å"last mile† broadband connectivity to individual home or business locations but also its data rates are comparable with cable and Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) rates. Many telephone companies also desire that WiMAX will be a replacement for their aging legacy wired networks. In fact, it is looked as the wireless replacement for a wired broadband connection. WiMAX has the ability to allow a subscriber to connect to a wireless Internet service provider even when they roam outside their offices or homes. With the large coverage range and high data transmission rate WiMAX’s attributes open the door of the technology to a variety of applications. WiMAX can be used as a backbone for IEEE 802. 11 hotspots for connecting to the global world, as well as a subscriber can connect WiMAX enabled mobile devices such as laptops PDA or cell phones directly to WiMAX base stations without using IEEE 802. 11. Currently many service providers, providing a DSL or T1/E1 service for a business customer to a relatively remote location or outer suburbs can take several months and the cost associated with it is very high. With the help of WiMAX, a service provider can provide that service in a short time and in a very cost effective way [3]. One of the main application of the WiMAX is that it can be used in disaster recovery scenes where the wired networks have broken down. In recent many disasters, WiMAX networks were installed to help in recovery missions [4]. Similarly, WiMAX also be used as a backup links where the traditional wired links breaks. WiMAX mainly operates in two frequency ranges. One is high frequency, which is between 11 – 66 GHz and another one is low frequency, which is sub 11 GHz [3]. Line-of-sight is very essential when operating in the high frequency range. This frequency range allows this wider channel, resulting in very high capacity links. For the low frequency range (sub 11 GHz) non line-of-sight is essential. WiMAX, with a theoretical data rate of 70 Mb/s in 20 MHz channels (2-11GHz spectrum) , allows a few hundreds of DSL connections but it operates up to 124Mbps in the 28MHz channel (in 10-66GHz), [5]. The maximum range WiMAX, covered is about 50 km [5]. But in practice this range may be decrease to 20 km and even 8 km when there are obstacles [5]. 3. 1 Efficiency Efficiency of wireless technology is measured in terms of bandwidth and latency. Efficiency is a major issue to determine what type of applications can be run on a network. A lessbandwidth network only feasibly for small application and normally support simple data application for example transferring text files. A higher bandwidth network normally used for big application such as audio and video and many more powerful applications. Another major issue in case of real-time applications like voice is latency which is very much crucial issue. The maximum range of latency should not be more than 20 ms, anything higher than that be warring for establishing echo free wireless network. 3. 2 Maximum Range Maximum range is calculated from the obtained distance between the two base stations, and like cell phone another major issue must consider here that the technology must have the capability to support hand-off between base stations without loosing connection from the global world. Maximum coverage range is a major issue, the reason behind that, it determines how long a contiguous wireless area can be? Also, maximum coverage range of wireless technologys is very much crucial according to cost, since operators can reduce their initial capital expenditures if they can give the coverage of the same area with smaller number of base stations. 3. 3 Dependability Dependability is defined as how much a wireless technology is dependable to the end user. Whether end user think that is it reliable to use or not? Dependability measure with few important metrics like average number of packet loss, average number of disconnects of calls, and whether the wireless technology is hampered by environmental issues such as line of sight, weather, etc. Dependability is very crucial because some applications may require a reliable connection. If a connection is not dependable, in that case packets may loss and that affect the network for that reason the speed of the network will decrease. This would have certainly impact on the performance of any applications, hence decreasing the applications that will use on the wireless network. . 4 Security Today’s internet is open for all. And user exchange many personal data in internet. So normally end user wants security. Security is obtained from the level of encryption of the data and the authentication of the device is provided by each technology. For many applications such as exchanging bank information require a secure connection to transmit confiden tial information. Mainly the end user will not want to expose themselves and they also want that the secret information not being viewed by unauthorized individuals. That’s why security is needed in wireless connection. III. KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY This paper focuses on the hypothesis that which wireless technology, WiMAX or Wi-Fi provides a better solution in the wireless access infrastructure. Whether one wireless technology provides a better solution than any other or whether a combination of technologies is needed to create the desired infrastructure. The key characteristics for which the most powerful next generation wireless technology (WiMAX and Wi-Fi) is evaluated in this research paper are: efficiency, maximum range, dependability, security, market issue and mobility. These six key characteristics are the standard issue which will be used to compare these two wireless technologies. 3. 5 Mobility Mobility is one of the major issues in case of building wireless access infrastructure. It is the speed of the mobile access point at which the technology can remain connected to the global world without losing packets or service interruption. Naturally, a wireless infrastructure environment needs to be mobile to provide connection to the end user at any place they visit. The network must sustain connection at vehicular speeds. 3. Market comparison The last characteristics to consider when evaluating wireless technology is a market. Actually the popularity of any technology is determined by the market. Mainly markets certify a technology whether it is accepted by end user or not. So based upon the market we can decide which technology is most attractive to the wireless world IV. Wi-Fi VERSUS WiMAX 4. 1 Radio Technology: WiMAX differs from Wi-Fi in the radi o technology sector. The IEEE 802. 11 WLAN standards describe four radio link interfaces that operate mainly in unlicensed radio band having range from 2. G to 5 GHz [9]. The WiMAX 802. 16a standard released in January 2003 operates between 2 GHz and 11 GHz [9]. The lower frequency bands support Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) for that reason customer unit need not be aligned with base station. Wi-Fi mainly operates in unlicensed frequency bands, but WiMAX can operate in both licensed and unlicensed spectrum. Within IEEE 802. 16a’s 2-11 GHz range, four bands are most attractive [9]: * Licensed 2. 5-GHz MMDS * Licensed 3. 5-GHz Band: * Unlicensed 3. 5-GHz Band * Unlicensed 5 GHz U-NII Band. 4. 1. 1 Radio transmission Modulation techniques: The IEEE 802. 1b radio link uses a technique direct sequence spread spectrum that is called complementary coded keying (CCK) for radio transmission [9]. Bit stream is mainly processed by a special coding and modulated with the technique called Quad rature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK). The 802. 11a and 802. 11g uses the radio link technology 64-channel orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) [9]. Here the bit streams is encoded on the 64 sub carriers using Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), or one of two levels of Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16-, or 64- QAM) [9]. The IEEE 802. 16a specifies three techniques for radio link [9]: * SC-A: Single Carrier Channel. * OFDM: 256-Sub-Carrier Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing. * OFDM-A: 2,048-Sub-Carrier Division Multiplexing. Orthogonal Frequency 4. 2 Efficiency: Maximum channel bandwidth for Wi-Fi is 25 MHz for IEEE 802. 11b and 20 MHz for either IEEE 802. 11a or g networks [9]. The maximum bit rates it’s providing is 54 Mbps. Wi-Fi has latency in the range of 50 ms hence little bit higher latency. In WiMAX, the channel bandwidths are in the range of 1. 25 MHz to 20 MHz [9]. Basically there has been lots of confusion regarding the actual bit rate of a WiMAX channel. But many articles give a range in of 70 M or 100 Mbps, basically exact transmission rate depends on the assigned bandwidth of the channel. WiMAX have latency in between the range of 25 to 40 ms, quite considerable range. Now have a close look at the Bandwidth efficiency of the both technologies. Basically it is measured by the number of bits per second that can be carried on one cycle of radio bandwidth (i. e. bps/Hertz). Lets have a data rates supported on its 25 MHz channel (1 M to 11 Mbps), 802. 1b have bandwidth efficiency in between 0. 04 to 0. 44 bps/Hertz [9]. In 802. 11 a or g on its 20 MHz have a transmission rate from 6 M to 54 Mbps yields a bandwidth efficiency in between . 24 to 2. 7 bps/Hertz [9]. In case of WiMAX, for 70-Mbps transmission rate on a 14-MHz radio channel yields bandwidth efficiency up to 5- bits/Hertz [9]. Basically the bandwidth efficiency decreases when the tran smission range increases. 4. 3 Maximum Coverage Range: OFDM modulation has a high spectral effectiveness that why WiMAX ranges 8 km (NLOS) to 50 km (LOS) [5]. It handles many users who are widely spread out. Mesh topologies and smart antenna techniques can be used to improve the coverage. The OFDM designed for the BWA and main goal is to provide long range transmission. 802. 16 is designed for high power OFDM used to maximize coverage up to tens of kilometers [5]. In contrast, IEEE 802. 11 standard have a basic CDMA and OFDM approach with a quite different vision. It required very low power consumption of energy that whys it can support very limited range of coverage. It is mainly designed for indoor use. Optimize range of this technology is around 100 meters [5]. 4. 4 Security: One of the major issues that differentiate from Wi-Fi to WiMAX is security. It’s a major issue because it protects transmissions from eavesdropping. But security has been one of the major lacking in Wi-Fi, encryption is optional here. But better encryption techniques are now available some of the different techniques used are [9]: Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP): An RC4-based 40- or 104bit encryption technique. Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA): A new standard from the WiFi Alliance that uses the 40- or 104-bit WEP key. IEEE 802. 1i/WPA2: It is a IEEE standard which will be based on a more robust encryption technique called the Advanced Encryption Standard. WiMAX is designed for public network so security is very much crucial here. So all the data that is transmitted in WiMAX network is virtually encrypted. The main encryption technique that is used here is 168-bit Digital Encryption Standard (3DES), the s ame encryption also used on most secure tunnel VPNs. There are also plan to include the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in WiMAX to maximize the security. 4. 5 Mobility Management Mobility management is supported by WiMAX. The latest IEEE 802. 16e is made for Mobile WiMAX. This standard supports mobile capability with the support of hand-offs capability, mainly for users when they moved between cells. Its support data rates up to 500 kbps, equivalent to the highest speed cellular offerings (e. g. Verizon Wireless’ 1xEV-DO service) [9]. Currently mobility management is not supported by Wi-Fi. But recently IEEE has begun to development of a roaming standard for Wi-Fi. However, WLAN switch vendors like Cisco, Aruba, and Airespace have developed their own proprietary hand-off protocols [9]. 4. Market Comparison Up to this point we have focused on technical issues here we consider, some market issues of these two products. Some market oriented works have been established for Wi-Fi service. The two examples are Wireless ISPs and Wi-Fi mesh networks. 4. 6. 1 Wireless ISPs (WISPs) The idea behind Wireless ISP (WISP) is to provide an Internet access service using WLAN technology and a shared Internet con nection in a public location designated a hot spot. TMobile and Wayport are currently providing this type of service [9]. But it have two problems, one is technical and another one is business oriented. From a technical viewpoint, to access the internet you have to be within the hot spot. From a business viewpoint, users have to pay monthly basis for the internet then the users have to be in the hot spot always to access the internet which is not a feasible solution. So markets of wireless ISP are in a threat now. 4. 6. 2 Wi-Fi Mesh Network Wi-Fi mesh networks are mainly used to support public safety applications and also to provide Internet access to end users. However, mesh technologies are not within the range of the Wi-Fi standards. 4. 6. 3 WiMAX Market The market goals of WiMAX not clear at the moment. But in a sense we can say that the major goal will be broadband wireless access or Wireless DSL. But it will succeed only if it provides lower cost service and also provide some extra features which the other broadband like DSL do not provide. WiMAX compatible chipsets first appeared in late-2004 by the Intel and consumer devices costing $100 or less [9]. But in case of WiMAX, before investing in this field, they have to think and analyze that whether they have enough demand in the market or not. 4. 7 Quality of Service (QoS) Wi-Fi is based on a contention based MAC (CSMA/CA). Hence no guaranteed QoS is provided mainly it can support best offer services. The Standard does not permit for different service level for each user. There is a plan to incorporate QoS in the 802. 11-e standard. In this standard two operating modes will be included to improve service for voice one is Wi-Fi Multimedia Extensions (WME) and another one is Wi-Fi Scheduled Multimedia (WSM) QoS in IEEE 802. 16 is based on a request/grant protocol. Its support multiple QoS which is build in MAC. It is designed to supports different service levels such as ,T1/E1 for business and best effort to consumer. This protocol support delay sensitive services such as voice and video. The dynamic TDMA based technique allows the suitable support for multicast and broadcast. In the below the key difference between Wi-Fi and WiMAX is described Table:1 Comparison between IEEE 802. 11 and IEEE 802. 16 802. 11 (Wi-Fi) Primary Application Range Coverage and Wireless LAN 802. 16 (WiMAX) Wireless MAN mainly designed for broadband wireless Designed for outdoor NLOS performance Optimized for 50 km Mesh topology is supported MAC designed to support thousands of users Licensed and Unlicensed Band 2 GHz to 11 GHz Adjustable range from 1. 25 to 20 MHz

Analysis of the Solitary Reaper

Analysis of the Solitary Reaper As an introduction to the book, Wordsworth catches the readers’ attention by pointing to a beautiful girl working alone in the field reaping and singing by herself. The girl does not want to be interrupted and alludes to the valley being full of songs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of the Solitary Reaper specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The first stanza of the song heaps a lot of praises on the girl’s beauty and the extent of loneliness she is in. The speaker is not able to comprehend the words of the song that the girl is singing, but only guesses what she could be singing about. The numbers in the third stanza may be flowing, but for the old and unhappy people this could be far-off things and battles that were fought in earlier years. The reader is not sure whether the song is a more humble lay characteristic of today’s life, and wonders whether the song would be a manifestation of a natural sorrow, loss, or pain that occurred and has chances of recurring. The song that the maiden was singing remained in the speaker’s heart as he climbed up the hill despite the fact that he did not understand what she was singing. It is difficult to understand whatever it was that stayed in the heart of the speaker if he could not understand the actual song. Could be there is something that attracted the speaker other than the song? Probably the maiden’s voice. What else could have made him motionless and still if he could not articulate the words that were used in the song? The song remained in his heart until he went up in the hills, where he could hear of it no more. The Solitary Reaper has four stanzas that are arranged into eight lines each, bringing the total number of lines to thirty-two. Its rhyme scheme alternates between abcbdde and ababccdd. The opening and the closing stanzas do not rhyme, in contrast, the other two stanzas, that is, the second and thi rd, have a matching rhyme scheme.Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Most of Wordsmith’s works are influenced by the experience that he had gone through. However, Solitary Reaper is unique in the sense that Wordsmith writes about one Thomas Wilkinson’s Tour to the British Mountains as evidenced in the books passage that talks about passing a female who was reaping alone while singing in Erse. The poem is so intriguing because the speaker barely understands what the woman is singing about, and relies heavily on imagination. He harbors a feeling that the lady may be singing about history. When the speaker talks about carrying the music of the young lady into his heart, attention is drawn to typical Wordsmith poetry that is underlined by heavy romantic undertones. No wonder the speaker finds it strange that the young lady reaps and sings by herself (James, p p. 68). The poet warns anybody passing the solitary lady who is reaping to avoid disturbing her, but either to ‘stop here’ or pass gently. Her sound is beautiful and overflows through the valley. Her sound is received more than the nightingale tune to worn out travelers in the desert. The poet says that her voice is so thrilling and by any standards, cannot be matched with that of the cuckoo-bird. Impatience prompts the poet to ask whatever the young lady could be singing about. Wordsworth testified that most of his work was inclined observation of nature and hearing of music. However, this specific piece is all about human music encountered in a lovely rustic scenery. He appreciates the tone of the song, its beauty, and the kind of mood the song creates in him. Not so much credence is given to the songs explicit content, which the speaker simply guesses. Despite the limitation of language exhibited in stanza three, the poet still marvels at the beauty of the music, the fluid expressive beauty. Wordsmith is so tactical in the way he places praise and beauty in a natural setting. The source of this beauty is a simple rustic girl.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of the Solitary Reaper specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This puts this artistic piece on a Lyrical Ballad’s pedestal. The language of the piece is unforced and natural and its structure simple. The first stanzas sets the stage for the rest of the lines while the second stanza highlights comparisons between the two birds, the third stanzas tries to interrogate the content of the songs, and finally, the fourth stanza talks about the effects of the song on the speaker. The final two lines of the Solitary Reaper focus on the theme of memory and the soothing effects of memories on someone’s thoughts and feelings. State of solitude is very important as it makes one’s soul to concentrate on his/ her el ementary feelings. The young lady is said to be single, solitary and all by herself. From the notes, the speaker is in a position to detect the emotional impact of the music the lonely girl sings. The notes of the song are welcome to the speaker (James, pp. 68). James, G. Ingli. Wordsworth’s Solitary Reaper. Essaya in Criticism, Volume 15, Issue 1, 1965. Pp. 65-76. Wordsworth, William. Solitary Reaper. New York: Amazon, 1805. Print.

Critical Infrastructure Security and Policy Essay

Critical Infrastructure Security and Policy - Essay Example It certainly has grabbed the USA government attentions onto it and made them obliged to take some instantly grave actions in order to prevent the impact of resulting turmoil. CFR's latest  Preventive Priorities Survey  (PPS) lists insecurity in Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, an Iranian nuclear disaster, and an amplification of the European sovereign debt crisis among the most important international unforeseen event relative to U.S. national interests that has ultimately shaped as a frightening threat to the USA. Let us examine carefully all the threats that have been experienced by the USA and see the reason behind every threat (Chertoff, 2009). The outburst of Cyber Attacks Countries that attack the United States China Russia There are two countries in particular that have recently advanced their cyber attacks on the United States because of their new revival into the global economy, China and Russia. The United States had publicly accused both China and Russia of recent attacks th at the United States had experienced. This recent attack from China exposed that China was aiming 48 different defense corporations from the United States, United Kingdom, and Bangladesh (Kim, 2011). This has been an enduring theme from China, who is trying to achieve information and blueprints from countries that have better more advanced technology than they do themselves. While Russia doesn’t attack the United States as repeatedly as China does, simply because Russia doesn’t have the hackers available to attack a defense shield as the United States has, they are getting an abundance of practice on the former countries part of the Soviet Union (energy. Gov, 2012). Along with different countries that use cyber attacks to target the United States there are also terror groups that are starting to use cyber attacks and also other groups seeking to chop into government systems to gather information. It is predictable that with the physical defense of countries growing esp ecially the United States, that terrorists which rely on cyber terror attacks on the United States rather than physical attacks because it is now much convenient and effective to shake the United States dominance via cyber attacks. Threats to control systems can come from various resources, including antagonistic governments, terrorist groups, annoyed employees, and malicious burglars. To guard against these threats, it is essential to construct a secure cyber-barrier around the Industrial Control System (ICS). Now the USA digital infrastructure is vulnerable. Yet the Department of Defense can’t do everything on its own. Corporations that don’t shield themselves are putting both their bottom lines and national security at threat. Yes, cyber security standards are an imperfect response to a weird and dangerous new kingdom of conflict. At the moment, though, they’re the only thing eminence between us and the abyss (Johsen, 2011). Al Qaeda threatens to USA The fact that a catastrophic attack against America equivalent to 9/11 has not occurred over the past 11 years should not recommend that a future one is not being designed. In summer 2006, al Qaeda-linked functioning in London schemed to explode liquid explosives on board 10 transatlantic airliners flying from the UK to America and Canada. In September 2009, Najibullah Zazi and his acquaintances were detained for plotting to carry out a suicide

Trans Fat Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Trans Fat - Essay Example It is helpful in creating, firmness, texture, and longer shelf life for many products. Many companies and restaurants in western countries have started using palm oil and coconut oil instead of hydrogenated oils. But in reality, they are only slightly healthier than trans fat. Coconut and palm oils are rich in saturated fat which increases the chances of heart diseases and raises the level of cholesterol in the blood. Former president of the American Heart Association, Robert Eckel, says â€Å"getting rid of trans fat is important because strong evidence indicates that they contribute to higher levels of harmful cholesterol and heart diseases. But the idea that this is the most harmful type of fat is a matter of debate.† (Nanci Hellmich, USA Today). Regarding the readership of this article, it may be written for all those who have some knowledge about the unhealthy diet with a special focus on those who suffer from cardiovascular diseases. People who suffer from obesity, heart diseases and those who exercise some control over diet are, obviously, interested in it. As regards the third question, what kind of appeals would be most appropriate, it can safely be said that by explaining the issue through logic would be most suitable because the targeted groups are adults who are not likely to move by emotions. After taking a stance on trans fats and diet, it is always better to prove the points through well argued views. It might create an impression in the minds of the reader that the author is honest, sincere, confident and. above all, well informed. The reader might also believe that the author understands his concerns and has answered all of them. The next question to be answered is what would be the most appropriate style to wr ite a persuasive article. Generally, there are several styles such as formal, academic, legal and middle styles to write an article. Middle style which uses images and illustrations well-known to the readers are the