Issues and Problems in Previous IT Projects-Samples for Students

Question: Write a review on the issues and problems in previous IT projects. Answer: Introduction There are various IT projects that have failed in the past, nevertheless the project that would be discussed in this report would be the U.K. National Health Service system. This system would be discussed in this report and the reasons for its failure. This particular IT project failure is being considered for study as it may be on the top of the list for IT project failures with the most loss of revenue till date and this money belonged to the UK taxpayers money (Connolly, 2018). The purpose of this report is to analyze the Chaos report of the aforesaid IT project failure. Main body The U.K. National Health Service system was aimed at connecting the health data of all the citizens across UK into one system (Guest et al., 2015). This was a top-down project as the project was initiated for political reasons (Kerzner Kerzner, 2017). This was indeed a project that was highly influenced by the political parties and therefore by probability such a project is bound to fail. The abandoned project was estimated to have costed around ten billion pounds of the tax payers money. This project was therefore at the pinnacle of IT project failure as it involved such high losses. The aim of implementing such a system definitely deserved high praise. However, the plan was more theoretical in nature and practical consideration and ideas were not implemented before rolling out the plan for developing such a massive system (Meredith et al., 2016). A successful ICT project must involve the views and opinions of its key stakeholders especially the people who are going to use the syst em. The future users of the healthcare system had raised their concerns about the accessibility criteria of the system and the reasons that would not prove beneficial for the system. However, the political parties and the project planners did not take those opinions into consideration and instead went ahead with their planning as usual. The procurement process was very hasty and that time it was termed as efficient. Future contracts awarding procedures were supposed to be awarded using the same procurement technique as a reference model. However, such a fast and efficient technique was not appropriate for the procurement purposes. The contract terms that seemed viable were accepted up front without any investigation into the matter as to the requirement of the terms. Lack of negotiation has hasted the procurement process nevertheless at the cost of bad procurement strategies. This resulted in extremely poor contract generating process. The service providers did not get paid until th ey delivered the items. This had in turn created a lot of disarray among the vendors. The project demanded a lot of last minute changes to procurement and even addition to existing purchase orders. Large scale service providers can absorb such risks and mitigate them by making a good margin in the process. However, the small service providers could not always handle the enormous risks that entailed the project and would therefore in a matter of time would just get removed from the process eventually. Different regional service providers were thus appointed for the same reason. Contracts got terminated in the course of the project and the remaining service providers had to compensate for the empty slot. Finally, it was about the accountability decision of the project director that led to the dismissal of the system that showed the excellent predicative skills that an ICT manager must possess to determine the success and failure of a project even before it is completed (Saad, Dong Wa n, 2015). Findings The findings suggest that the project failed primarily because it was a large-scale project. Every project consists of some particular steps that must be completed to ensure its success. This project was no exception. The opinions of the users were not taken into consideration as a top-down approach was used. Therefore, the system was not approached with usability and accessibility of the system. The procurement method was hasty and it instead had adverse effect on the whole in the long term as the terms of procurement were harshly implemented. The rapid changes to the project requirement also contributed to cost overrun and therefore project failure. Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that the U.K. National Health Service system was a failure due to not one but several reasons. The huge size of the project with lack of realistic approach to it were the primary reasons behind the failure. The project faced cost overrun due to unregulated technical changes and that in turn resulted in the dismissal of the project. The fundamental structure of every ICT project remains the same and must be handled accordingly Reference List Connolly, B. (2018). Top 10 enterprise IT disasters. www.cio.com.au. Retrieved 30 March 2018, from https://www.cio.com.au/article/542245/top_10_enterprise_it_disasters/?pp=2 Guest, J. F., Ayoub, N., McIlwraith, T., Uchegbu, I., Gerrish, A., Weidlich, D., ... Vowden, P. (2015). Health economic burden that wounds impose on the National Health Service in the UK. BMJ open, 5(12), e009283. Kerzner, H., Kerzner, H. R. (2017). Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Meredith, J. R., Shafer, S. M., Mantel Jr, S. J., Sutton, M. M. (2016). Project management in practice. Wiley Global Education. Saad, R. G., Dong, H., Wan, H. (2015). Factors of project manager success. Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management, 10, 63-80. Syal, R. (2018). Abandoned NHS IT system has cost 10bn so far. www.theguardian.com. Retrieved 30 March 2018, from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2013/sep/18/nhs-records-system-10bn.

Treating Disease with Stem Cells Essay Example For Students

Treating Disease with Stem Cells Essay This article was written by Dr. Gregory Hale, professor of Pediatrics at the University of Kentucky College of Medicine, in response to questions posed by Scientific American Magazine regarding the treatment of certain diseases with cord blood stem cells. There is some additional information provided by Viacord, a medical service company that provides private family cord blood banking, processing, and research. Dr. Hale discussed the advantages of cord blood stem cell transplants, the results of several transplants, as well as the research that on-going in the field of stem cell transplantation. The blood that remains in the human umbilical cord blood following birth contains a rich source of hematopoietic progenitor cells known as stem cells. These stem cells are the master cells of the blood. They divide to make new red cells that supply oxygen, white blood cells that fight disease and infection, and platelets that facilitate healing. Doctors now have three sources of stem cells available to them: bone marrow, mobilized bone marrow or peripheral blood, and umbilical cord blood. Bone marrow has traditionally been used as a source of stem cells, but research is proving that cord blood may be an excellent alternative source. Cord blood can be utilized for the treatment of many diseases, including leukemia, sickle cell anemia, and Hodgkins disease. The first successful cord blood transplant took place in 1988 when a newborns cord blood was used in a life saving stem cell transplant for her older brother who had Fanconi anemia. We will write a custom essay on Treating Disease with Stem Cells specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Since then, there has been much research into the advantages of cord blood stem cells. Cord blood is much more readily available and poses no donor risk. The blood is simply collected from the placenta and umbilical cord after the baby is born and stored. The potential of expanding the ethnic diversity of the donor pool is greatly increased, since minorities are considerably under-represented in bone marrow transplant pools. Cord blood stem cells may also pose less risk of graft-versus-host disorder, or GVHD, than stem cells from bone marrow. GVHD occurs when the donors immune cells make antibodies against the hosts tissues, resulting in serious complications. In the last ten years, several studies of cord blood transplants have taken place and their results have been published in science and medical journals. In 1996, the New England Journal of Medicine reported the results of 25 consecutive cord blood transplantations from August 1993 to November 1995 by Dr. Joanne Kurtzberg at Duke University. After bone marrow searches were unsuccessful for 17 patients, cord blood was collected from unrelated donors at the New York Blood Center. Nineteen patients had malignant diseases and four had nonmalignant conditions. The patients average age was seven years and the average weight was 19.4 kilograms. Twenty cord blood units were slightly HLA-mismatched and one was HLA-identical. The HLA, or Human Leukocyte Antigen, induces the formation of antibodies because it is recognized by the immune system as a threat. Engraftment was successful in 23 of 25 patients, and only two patients had severe graft-versus-host disease. In contrast, bone marrow transpl ants in children have a 30 percent incidence of graft-versus-host-disease. Seven of the patients with malignant disease and 6 with nonmalignant conditions were alive one year after transplantation. The report concluded that HLA-mismatched cord blood is an alternative source of stem cells for transplantation in children. In another study by Dr. John Wagner at the University of Minnesota Hospital, 13 patients with malignant leukemia diseases and five with nonmalignant conditions received cord blood transplants between July 1994 and December 1995. The average age of these patients was 2.7 years and the average weight was 15.4 kilograms. Seven patients received HLA-matched blood and 11 received varying degrees of HLA-mismatched grafts. Six months after transplantation, 65 percent of the patients were alive and only two developed severe graft-versus-host disease. The authors stated that the benefits of cord blood transplantation included the low rate of graft-versus-host disease, rapid availability of blood, lessened donor risk, and a low risk of transmissible infections such as cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr virus. Even with these and other successful transplantations, there are still questions to be answered. For example, what is the minimal cell dose? Can an adult recipient be effectively transplant ed?

Every new high school graduate... free essay sample

Every new high school graduate is cursed with having to make the decision of what to do for the rest of their life. Many people choose to go to college, others choose to go straight into the workforce. For Elle Woods, her goal was to attend Harvard Law School. This became her goal after her boyfriend, Warner Huntington III, broke up with her because he felt that she was not good for him if he wanted to achieve his dreams of becoming Senator. Elle was a beautiful, blonde, sorority girl, and do not attend schools like Harvard according to many stereotypes. She decided that she was going to defy these odds and was going to prove everyone wrong by going to Harvard. During her graduation speech, Elle uses ethos, pathos, and logos to show her graduating class that as long as you have passion, you can accomplish anything. Her speech demonstrates the idea in our culture that you are not your stereotypes, you are what you make of yourself. We will write a custom essay sample on Every new high school graduate or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When beginning her speech, Elle uses ethos to establish her credibility and to relate with her graduating class. She does this by using simple words such as our. Her first sentence of the speech is On our very first day at Harvard (McCullah and Smith), which presents the entire graduating class as equals. She establishes her credibility by reciting an Aristotle quote that her teacher had shared on her very first day of class. By reciting this quote from her first day of school, it shows that she had worked hard, and was a good student who payed very close attention in her classes. Quoting Aristotle also shows that Elle can be a serious person when she needs to be, and that further makes her a credible source to fellow Harvard graduate students. She also uses her own experiences to relate to her fellow students. Well, no offense to Aristotle, but in my three years at Harvard I have come to find that passion is a key ingredient to the study and practice of law and of life. (McCullah and Smith). By saying this, she shows her audience that her speech is from the heart and is genuine. Her use of ethos proves to her audience that she is more than just a pretty face, it proves that she also has a brain.Elles speech also contains many elements of pathos. Her main way of doing this is similar to how she incorporated ethos, with her word choices to unify the entire graduating class. Throughout the entire speech, she uses words such as our, and we to make the class feel as though they are one. She also ends her speech by saying Congratulations class of 2004 we did it! (McCullah and Smith). Elle also uses pathos to express feelings and emotions to her audience. She does this by saying It is with passion, courage of conviction, and strong sense of self that we take our next steps into the world, remembering that first impressions are not always correct. (McCullah and Smith). This sentence in itself can convey a lot of emotions in an audience. She is saying that you have to have passion for everything you do, whether that be school related, or even just life related. Not only do you need passion, but you also need courage. You cannot accomplish anything in life if you are afraid of the outcome or what someone else might say about it. Elle also says that you need a strong sense of self when moving on in your life. She makes this known that it is very important simply through her character. She always knew who she was and who she wanted to be, she never let anyone tell her any different. She was a strong person who stuck to her ideals and beliefs, and her speech tried to convey those same ideas to the entire graduating class. Using pathos in her speech further conveys her idea that you are not your stereotype, by showing her audience that she herself had defied hers. She connected with her graduating class on a personal level to get her point across.At the very beginning of her speech, Elle used logos. She did this by quoting Aristotle, who is a highly known and respected philosopher and scientist. Her audience was a large group of fellow law school graduates, quoting Aristotle is showing logic to them because of the fact that he was a philosopher and a scientist. Not only did she quote Aristotle, but she argued his claims. The law is reason free from passion. (Aristotle). She argued this by saying Well, no offense to Aristotle, but in my three years at Harvard I have come to find that passion is a key ingredient to the study and practice of law and of life. (McCullah and Smith). By saying that passion overrules your stereotypes, this is appealing to her audiences sense of rationality. Of course having passion means you can do anything in school or in life, it is logical to the human brain. Elle also says It is with passion, courage of conviction, and strong sense of self that we take our next steps into the world, remembering that first impressions are not always correct. (McCullah and Smith). Saying that first impressions are not always correct also appeals to the audiences rationality, because humans all know that you have to get to know a person before you can make a judgement about them. This was also logical for her to say simply because of her own experience at Harvard. She was judged for who she was and she proved everyone wrong. She accessed aspects of the human brain to prove that she was logical enough to be taken seriously. Even though this movie came out 14 years ago, Elles message is still very relevant to everyone today. Elle decided that she was not going to live up to her stereotype, and that she was going to challenge what everyone said about her. Elle worked extremely hard for what she wanted, and it all paid off in the end. The lesson of you are not your stereotype is still a very important lesson to teach today. There is very strong tension currently within our country and we unfortunately have very many issues with stereotypes. It is very important to teach todays youth and even adults that you are your own person and you can do whatever you put your mind to. It does not always have to be as extreme as going to Harvard to prove that you can do it, but the message itself is the same all around. If Elle had listened to everyone going against her, she would have never even attended Harvard or found what her true passion was. If Elle did not work hard for what she wanted and had passion every step of the way, she would have continued to live her life as the beautiful, blonde, sorority girl.

AP

AP Reality In John Updike's short story "AP,"  the narrator struggles to be a part of a fantasy world before being abruptly forced back into his reality world. The three girls that enter the store cause the narrator to fantasize of a life other than what he is accustom to. The narrator imagines living their kind of life, which includes wealth and confidence, only to be constantly reminded of his actual life by the people around him. In the end, after quitting his job in an attempt to be a hero, the narrator ends up back in the undesirable life to which he belongs.English: John Updike giving the 2008 Jefferson Lec...He didn't remember if whether or not he rang up one of the woman's items or not. "I stood there with my hand on a box of HiHo crackers trying to remember if I rang it up or not."  He was too busy looking at the girls and noticing each aspect of them. "She was a chunky kid, with a good tan and a sweet broad soft looking can" ¦"  Therefore he rings it up again and th e woman complains to him. Sammy goes on calling her a witch, as if he did nothing wrong. However it is the woman who didn't do anything wrong in this situation. All she was doing was making sure was getting charged the right amount for McLoughlin 2 her purchase. Maybe if he took some responsibility in his job, he wouldn't have this customer complain to...

Gone With The Wind Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gone With The Wind - Research Proposal Example A good example of copyright issue that raised much debate is the relationship between Gone With The Wind (GWTW) and The Wind Done Gone (TWDG). Hence, this research will evaluate the copyright issues surrounding the conflict between GWTW and TWDG with reference to fair use and transformative elements. Research Question Does the re-write GWTW in the form of TWDG amounts to infringement of the copyright laws, and if so, does it violate the freedom of speech? Significance/ Discussion The significance of this research is to evaluate, and eventually understand the issues surrounding copyright laws. This is because copyright laws have certain exceptions, such as if the re-write of a given literary text is a satire or parody. No doubt, there are inadequate copyright laws that are effective in protecting the rights and creativity of the original authors. The big argument is that if the laws were stricter then they would violate the right to freedom of speech. According to Thampapillai in the article, The Novel as Social Satire: 60 Years Later, the Wind done Gone and the Limitations of Fair Use, the exceptions that parody or satire based re-writes do not amount to infringement promotes the freedom of speech that allows individuals to write what they think (Thampapillai). However, in some cases the copyright and freedom of speech may conflict, begging the question of which one should take precedence. This may take into account the utilitarian theory, which would advocate for the side that results in maximum benefits. For instance, it supports protection because it preserves the creativity of the authors. In the case of GWTW, Randall’s TWDG delivers the slavery story airbrushed by GWTW whereby it brings the accounts through a slave’s perspectives. Furthermore, the text draws some information from GWTW, which makes it re-write the GWTW story in a better way. Therefore, the aim of this research is to evaluate the relationship between GWTW and TWDG with regard t o copyright laws and all its related issues. The research will use several factors to evaluate in order to prove infringement or not. These factors include nature of the copyrighted work, effect on the potential market, and amount of suitability and finally use is for nonprofit educational nature or for commercial nature. These will help in evaluating whether the re-write in the case of GWTW amounts to infringement. Literature review In this research, I will present my arguments about copyright laws and issues surrounding using six texts or sources. In the first source, An Empirical Study of US Copyright Fair Use Opinions, Beebe explores the public perceptions on fair use and the copyright law in general. I will use this source to in my research to draw information on the status of copyright law of fair use with regard to the perspective of the public (Beebe 584). The main point of research will be whether fair use is beneficial of harmful to the literary industry, and how it can be regulated. This source will also provide information that I will use to compare the copyright law in the United States and that of Australia. The second source that I will use in the research is, â€Å"Free Speech and Intellectual Value†, an article by Bollinger, in which he explores the issue of free speech in relation to copyright law that my limit free speech (438). It will help me in understanding how promotion of free

The Olympic Games do not bring lasting benefits to the host country Essay

The Olympic Games do not bring lasting benefits to the host country. Discus - Essay Example What is required is such an uplift which will make the country more prosperous and developed after the completion of the Olympic Games, but sadly the same is missing in the long run. The Olympic Games have been the most renowned and expensive events and the fact that these come every four years raises quite a few points for the different sectors. The public sector sees benefits coming in from different angles and the private sector gets in touch with the different companies, institutions and organizations to extract the best possible mileage for their respective areas of business. (Crowther, 2005) The financial benefits start becoming lesser when the Olympic Games finish and this is one aspect that is looked upon by the economic domains of the host country with an eye of skepticism and worry. The prosperity of the host nation must be such that it remains in the longer duration but it fades out in an instant fashion – a discussion which has more questions than answers on the part of the people at the helm of affairs when it comes to the successful hosting of the Olympic Games. The Olympic Games bring a cultural boom within the host country. Its different economic sectors start getting the positive vibes about the happenings on and off the Olympics fields. Also there is a lot of room for the media to showcase the talent which is available on display. The whole society experiences a completely different mindset, emitting from the Olympics’ domains. This happens each time a host nation is chosen, usually some 5-6 years before the actual holding of the Olympic Games. For instance a couple of years back, London was given the rights to hold the 2012 Olympic Games and thus the festivity began just then. (Roulac, 1993) It will continue to increase until the day it essentially gets inaugurated (when the Games get launched with the Olympic torch). However what happens after the holding of these Olympic Games is

Student Notebook 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Student Notebook 2 - Essay Example Stewardship gives the priority to individuals needs and it does not focus on church’s need to receive. Major stewardship activities conducted in this Presbyterian Church are food drives, care projects. And also they decided to add more activities. Stewardship teaching is done based on three principles. The first one is an owner manager relationship. Here the owner is God and the man (or woman) is the manager. The second principle is love is the foundation of stewardship. Relationship, ownership, possession, sacrifice are the branches of the love. Through stewardship one can show God’s love in action. The third principle is the starting of the stewardship is presenting life’s resources. Teaching stewardship helps the life management which will enhance the kingdom of God. Presbyterian Churches usually conducts parish member meetings and forums for promoting stewardship activities. They also publish new brochures and flyers and newsletters for this purpose. Instead of these, the Northminster Presbyterian Church conduct Heritage education program in schools. They also present various cultural programs and dramas for convey the message of stewardship to the people. Budgeting is an important process required for the survival and growth of any organization. The Northminster Presbyterian Church takes this process very seriously. According to the pastor in charge of finances, the Church holds a large amount of public money donated by members and other charitable individuals. These donations are made for the purposes of running the day to day operations of the Church as well as for the many activities (religious and charitable) that the Church conducts. In such a scenario, the responsible person or persons should be doubly careful in the way finance is handled. For this proper budgeting at the beginning of a financial year is essential. The budgeting process followed by the Church is given here. The Church has a permanent